Excavator pump

The excavator pump is one of the core components of an excavator, responsible for converting mechanical energy into hydraulic pressure energy to power the machine's various operations. Below is a detailed introduction to excavator hydraulic pumps:

First, Types and Characteristics

Excavator hydraulic pumps primarily come in two types: gear pumps and plunger pumps, each with distinct features:

1. Gear Pump:

Working Principle: Operates by creating sealed displacement through the rotation of two meshing gears.

Characteristics: Simple structure, easy manufacturing, low cost, compact size, light weight, good self-priming capability, insensitivity to oil contamination, and reliable operation. However, they exhibit significant flow and pressure pulsations, high noise levels, and non-adjustable displacement.

Applications: Primarily used for low-precision, medium-to-low pressure control systems. Commonly employed in machinery with modest pressure requirements, such as excavator pilot pumps.

2. Piston Pump:

Working Principle: Provides power through the reciprocating motion of a piston.

Features: High operating pressure (typically 20–40 MPa, up to 1000 MPa), compact structure, high efficiency, easy flow adjustment, minimal pulsation, and variable displacement capability. However, it has the poorest self-priming performance and high cost.

Applications: Primarily used for high-precision, high-pressure control in high-pressure systems and construction machinery, such as excavator main pumps.

Second, Role in Excavators

Within excavators, hydraulic pumps typically form part of the hydraulic transmission system alongside hydraulic oil lines, hydraulic motors, and hydraulic cylinders, with hydraulic control managed by directional control valves. Specifically:

1. Main Pump: Typically a plunger pump delivering high-pressure hydraulic fluid to power the hydraulic travel motor, hydraulic swing motor, and hydraulic cylinders, enabling the excavator's movement, rotation, and digging functions.

2. Pilot Pump: Usually a gear pump supplying lower-pressure hydraulic fluid to the directional control valve, which controls the excavator's various operations.

Third, Common Faults and Solutions

1. Engine Overload: Inspect the hydraulic pump's load condition. Adjust the load or replace with a suitable hydraulic pump.

2. Low Pump Output Flow or Inability to Build Pressure: Check for blockages in the pump's suction and discharge ports, ensure hydraulic fluid cleanliness, and inspect for internal pump component wear. Based on findings, clean components, replace hydraulic fluid, or replace worn parts.

3. Vibration and Noise: Verify secure pump mounting, inspect hydraulic lines for looseness or damage, and examine pump components for loose or broken parts. Address issues by tightening connections, replacing hydraulic lines, or replacing damaged components.

Elephant Fluid Power Technical team has many years of operation and service experience, Provide customers with professional hydraulic system solutions, Quality assurance of quality products. If you need excavator pump, please contact us.

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